• The Earth has been completely devastated by massive orbital bombardment. 99.9% of the population has died. 
  • The bombardment was achieved by de-orbiting space colonies onto the Earth. The kind used were Island 3 colonies of the sort that were popular in the Universal Century.
• In this era, Newtypes are present and recognized and at least a rudimentary understanding of how their psychic phenomena function exists. 
• Prior to the war, the Earth government was called "United Nations Earth" or UNE.
  • However, in Japanese, the Earth government is called 地球連邦 - Chikyū Renpō. This is the same word and spelling translated as "Earth Federation" in UC. UNE and the Earth Federation may in fact be the same thing. 

• In 2188, the exploration vessel Europa departs for Jupiter.
• In the 2290s, Mobile Suits start to appear in the militaries of the various Earth nations
• From 2297-2307, three orbital elevators are completed (planning and financing goes back to the 2250s)
  • The elevators connect to several orbital stations. These stations are a possible anchor to AC 001. If so, this would suggest that UC 0001 is some time between 2398 and 2408 AD. Applying the "January 14th UC 0080 must be a Monday on a leap year" test, let's look at 2480, 2484, and 2488. None of these years pass that test, though 2492 does. It's not impossible that some time lag existed between completion of the station and establishment of the AC calendar, and coincidentally the Earth Sphere Federation was also inaugurated in 2311. I think we can reasonably conclude that UC 0001 = AC 102 = AD 2412.

• In 2308 the major nations initially combine their military forces under the United Nations banner, before formally inaugurating the Earth Sphere Federation in 2311. 
  • Note that once again, despite the difference in the English styling, this is 地球連邦 - the same spelling as "Earth Federation" and "United Nations Earth." 
• In 2314, a species of liquid-metal life forms enter the Earth system, fleeing from a supernova that destroyed their home system. Repeated attempts at communication fail and a major conflict erupts before an innovator is able to finally bridge the communication gap using quantum brainwaves. The transformed ELS mothership remains at Earth until at least 2364, but it clearly absent in later timelines.
• Some time between 2314 and 2364, there is a worldwide conflict between Innovators (see below) and "old humans"
• In and after 2364, Earth launches at least two deep space exploration ships. 
• Newtypes are not observed in this era, but human beings with expanded quantum consciousness, known as Innovators, do exist. At first these were artificially created (known as Innovades) and later emerged as a natural consequence of exposure to the GN Particles used in Solar Furnaces for power generation, or through physical contact with the liquid-metal ELS. At the peak of the Innovator era, 40% of the human population had developed these characteristics.
  • Despite the neccessarily early position of 00 in the overall chronology, Innovators are unknown in subsequent eras (though the Earth Federation charter anticipates the emergence of human beings with expanded consciousness in its long-suppressed final clause). This may indicate that in the absence of GN particles, Innovators stopped emerging - though perhaps exposure to GN particles plays some role in the creation of Cyber Newtypes? We just don't know.

• In-Universe, the Universal Century is believed by some scholars to have occurred about 3000 years before CC 1993. Based on the lack of data available, this is likely to be a very rough estimate. 
• See the Reguild Century below for more data and also more ambiguity.

• In the CE, there is not a single united Earth Federation, though an international military alliance called OMNI Enforcer does exist, sponsored by the major Earth nations. 
  • The four-member alliance that backs OMNI Enforcer exists within the larger framework of the United Nations, mirroring the relationship that would have had to exist between UESA and the Earth Federation in subsequent years.
• The political boundaries on Earth are different from what we see in 00 Gundam, though the broad geopolitical alignments are the same. 

• Orbital elevators and the ELS flower are not observable. The only "colony clusters" are the ostensibly industrial PLANT colonies, though other space stations and space facilities do exist. Widespread space emigration does not appear to have happened yet.
• Newtypes (distinct from though in some cases overlapping with the genetically-engineered Coordinators) are observable by the viewer, but are not recognized within the world.
• The United Nations still exists in CE 9 and promotes the adoption of the Cosmic Era calendar.
  • So far, all these points seem to point to the CE story occurring prior to the events of 00, but let's see how the chronology clues pan out.
• In CE 10, to promote space development and the eventual creation of space colonies, construction work starts on Lunar Base Copernicus to serve as a supply and assembly base. It is completed two years later.
• In CE 15, the exploration Tsiolkovsky departs for Jupiter under the command of Nobel-winning astronaut George Glenn. In his departure speech, Glenn reveals that he was genetically engineered and disseminates the knowledge to create more 'Coordinators' like him. 
• In CE 22, George Glenn discovers fossil evidence of alien life on an asteroid near Europa. 
• In CE 35, Mobile Armor starts to appear in the various national militaries. Mobile Suits do not exist yet.
• In CE 44, the first 10 PLANTs are completed at L5, intended to serve as production hubs for further space development. Now numbering over 10 million and facing violence and discrimination on Earth, many Coordinators emigrate to the PLANTs, which quickly grow in economic power.
• In CE 65, the PLANTs create their first mobile suits. The Zodiac Alliance, which loosely united the PLANTs, strengthens its bonds and centralizes its government under the Zodiac Alliance Freedom Treaty (ZAFT).
  • In the English dub, ZAFT is also used to refer to the ZAFT military. However, in the Japanese dub, they say "ZAFTO-gun". Now, the "o" after ZAFT may just be a result of the structure of the Japanese alphabet, but I like to imagine that the "O" is for Organization, like the "O" in NATO. But I digress.
• Motivated by anti-Coordinator racists within the government, Earth nations increasingly pressure the PLANTs, both in terms of uneven economic policies and also through more direct aggression. This comes to a head in CE 70 when a UN-brokered peace conference on the moon is bombed. Each side blames the other, and seven days later OMNI Enforcer destroys the Junius 7 PLANT with a nuclear missile. 243,000 Coordinators die. ZAFT declares independence.
• The war continues until CE 72, but rekindles in late CE 73 and only finally ends in CE 74. 
• By the end of the war, it was clear that the Coordinator population was facing serious problems - birth rates in the third generation were dropping rapidly and efforts to develop reliable artificial gestation ended in failure. We don't know the final fate oft he Coordinators, but it appears they may have simply vanished back into the general human population over time.

So how does this all fit into the timeline? Well, at first glance it looks like CE predates 00. The 00 backstory implies three major wars happened within its recent memory, which might well include the events we see here. Europa launches in 2188, and I think it's worth questioning if that name is a reference to George Glenn's discovery of Evidence 01 near... Europa. I think we can safely posit that CE 29 cannot occur after 2188. In fact, we can go a step further and say that 2188 cannot be earlier than CE 74 and is probably later. Why? Because the Europa mission was backed by the Solar Energy Union, not by the Atlantic Federation. This means that the territorial changes that occur between CE and AD have already started to happen by 2188. 

Let's tentatively say that the Cosmic Era's retroactive starting point is 2045, the original date for the United Nations' space colonization plan referenced in the UC. This would put CE 74 in 2118 and leave a meaningful buffer for territorial changes to occur before the events of 00. 

• The Earth Sphere has been devastated by war, though not on the scale seen in X Gundam. The crater from Operation British is visible on the world map; likewise, Northern Ireland is gone. 
• Before the PD was the Calamity War, an approximately 300 year period where out of control AI-operated self-sustaining weapons fought humanity. 1/4 of the population died. 
• There's at least one colony cluster in the PD.
• The Gundam Frames appear to have a strong emphasis on close combat capabilities, in part to deal with AI-operated mobile armor that was difficult to accurately hit at range.
• The Alaya-Vijnana System for interface with and control of mobile suits has conceptual similarities to the GUND system from Witch From Mercury.
• The idea of Mobile Suits that mimic the wearer's body motions is explored in G Gundam, albeit with a waldo suit rather than a neural interface.

While the data is somewhat vague, I'm inclined to see the events of Mobile Fighter G Gundam as either preceding the Calamity War (introducing the technology for AI controlled, self-sustaining mobile weapons) or actually representing the opening stages of the Calamity War. 

• Unknown earlier date: Many dangerous technologies are banned under the Silver Chalice treaty, with all data destroyed except for the archives of the secret EXA-DB
  • If I had to guess, this probably occurred between the end of the AD timeline and the start of the UC, and explains the absence and/or need to rediscover certain key technologies in the UC period.
• 35 Years before AG 1: Earth Federation starts Mars colonizations
  • Mars Colonization starts in AC 182 == UC 0081. Therefore, AG1 == UC 0116
• Unspecified time after: Mars Colony suffers from a disease outbreak that kills 20% of the colony. Earth Federation writes off the colony as lost.
• AG 101 (==UC 0216) -- First appearance of the Unknown Enemy, destruction of Angel colony
• AG 108 (==UC 0223; concurrent with the events of G Saviour) -- Unknown Enemy attacks Ovan colony
• AG 115 (==UC 0230) -- By this time, the Earth Federation is a unitary government again following the whole CONSENT mess.
• AG 164 (==UC 0279) -- End of the war with the Unknown Enemy, who turned out to be the survivors of the Mars Colony
• AG 201 (==UC 0316) -- Some time before this year, forbidden technology from the EXA-DB was used to repair Mars' atmosphere and finally complete its terraforming

• The Reguild Century explicity takes place after the Universal Century, which is in turn described as lasting about 2000 years. 
  • That 2000 years probably also includes some of the other timelines. 
• In this period, the dominant religion includes the "AG Tech Taboo" in its dogma, banning many technologies seen as dangerous.
  • This may refer to the various previously-suppressed technologies that were recovered during the Advanced Generation period. 
• G-Reco takes place in RC 1014.
• The show depicts several locations previously seen in Ɐ Gundam in un-ruined states. 
• While the evidence suggests that G-Reco predates Ɐ, the director has suggested that it is, in fact, a sequel to Ɐ, happening 500 years later. This seems unlikely, and I'm inclined to ignore this until and unless its confirmed on screen.

• There is space station in the vicinity of Mercury
• Sophisticated mobile suit technology already exists
• A human-machine interface, called GUND, exists. It can be used for applications ranging from prosthetics all the way up to operating mobile suits
  • Fairly extensive cyberprotheses are used in this era by people who live in space to combat issues with extended living in microgravity.

• The GUND technology poses some health risks and some controversy exists in society regarding its proliferation.
• Dialogue in the G-Witch Prologue suggests mobile suit technology predated the GUND system.

• There's an organization or government called the "Front 3rd Autonomous Sector." Is this a reference to space colonies autonomous from Earth? We don't know. Also, there's a news organization called Interplanetary News Network, which suggests that planets other than Earth are inhabited in this time period.

So how does this fit into the puzzle? Its too early to say. My knee jerk reaction is to put it in the later part of the timeline, around the Calamity War period, or even after it, but we'll just have to watch the new show and see what it reveals!